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In this memo, I’ve argued that we should measure success by our impact on human welfare more than our impact on the global temperature, and that our success relies on putting energy, health, and agriculture at the center of our strategies...

  1. Drive the Green Premium to zero.
  2. Be rigorous about measuring impact.

Vaccines are the undisputed champion of lives saved per dollar spent. Since 2000, Gavi has spent $22 billion to immunize children in poor countries, preventing 19 million deaths. That means Gavi can save a life for a little more than $1,000. Other estimates find that vaccines cost less than $5,000 per life saved. And vaccines become even more important in a warming world because children who aren’t dying of measles or whooping cough will be more likely to survive when a heat wave hits or a drought threatens the local food supply.

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bill-gates

MIT licensed model, their self-reported benchmarks show it performing similar to Claude Sonnet 4 (but still behind 4.5), and it's only 230GB on Hugging Face

So likely won't fit on an NVIDIA Spark's 128GB but should run on a Mac Studio 512GB

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simonwaichina

Seems about right. Interesting metrics on startups too:

  • Foundation Model Labs: Revenue must grow faster than Compute Costs.
  • Enterprise AI Platforms: High Gross Retention because of high AI Feature Adoption.
  • Application Layer: Net Revenue Retention (NRR) > 120% and CAC Payback < 12 months.
  • Inference API Players: High Revenue per GPU-Hour (pricing power).
  • Energy/Infrastructure: Structural Energy Cost Advantage and high utilization.

Energy infrastructure, unlike GPUs that become obsolete in five years, compounds in value over decades.

Consider the math: A single large AI training cluster can require 100+ megawatts of continuous power — equivalent to a small city. The United States currently generates about 1,200 gigawatts of electricity total. If AI compute grows at projected rates, it could demand 5-10% of the nation’s entire power generation within a decade.

And unlike fiber optic cable or GPU clusters, power infrastructure can’t be deployed quickly. Nuclear plants take 10-15 years to build. Major transmission lines face decades of regulatory approval. Even large solar farms require 3-5 years from planning to operation.

The companies prepping themselves to survive scarcity aren’t just stockpiling compute—they’re building root systems deep enough to tap multiple resources: energy contracts locked in for decades, gross retention rates above 120%, margin expansion even as they scale, and infrastructure that can flex between training and inference as market dynamics shift.

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aistartupseconomicsenergy

Open source doesn’t just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open source software must comply with the following criteria:

  1. Free Redistribution
  2. Source Code
  3. Derived Works
  4. Integrity of The Author’s Source Code
  5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
  6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
  7. Distribution of License
  8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product
  9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software
  10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral
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open-sourcecode